"Urban Machinery" investigates the technological dimension of modern European cities, vividly describing the most dramatic changes in the urban environment over the last century and a half. Written by leading scholars from the history of technology, urban history, and the sociology of science and technology, the book views the European city as a complex construct entangled with technology. The chapters examine the increasing similarity of modern cities and their technical infrastructures (including communication, energy, industrial, and transportation systems) and the resulting tension between homogenization and cultural differentiation. The contributors emphasize the concept of "circulation"--the process by which architectural ideas, urban planning principles, engineering concepts, and societal models spread across Europe as well as from the United States to Europe. They also examine the parallel process of "appropriation"--how these systems and practices have been adapted to prevailing institutional structures and cultural preferences. "Urban Machinery, " with contributions by scholars from eight countries and more than thirty illustrations (many of them rare photographs never published before), includes studies from northern and southern and from eastern and western Europe, and also discusses how European cities were viewed from the periphery (modernizing Turkey) and from the United States. Contributors Hans Buiter, Paolo Capuzzo, Noyan Dinckal, Cornelis Disco, Pal Germuska, Mikael Hard, Martina Heler, Dagmara Jajeniak-Quast, Andrew Jamison, Per Lundin, Thomas J. Misa, Dieter Schott, and Marcus Stippak